Gold Investment vs Stocks?
22/01/2024Daniel Fisher
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Investment success is created by selecting the right asset classes at the right time. But how can we compare two offerings as different as gold and the stock market? Making the choice between these two investment pillars is a decision that echoes through the ages, resonating with investors seeking stability or growth, security or opportunity.
Whether you’re a seasoned investor or just dipping your toes into the financial waters, understanding the nuances of gold and equities can empower you to make more informed decisions, steering your portfolio towards your financial goals. Unravelling the key components of these two distinct yet interconnected investments allow for a strategic and suitable approach to portfolio allocation.
I. Understanding Gold as an Investment
II. The Pros and Cons of Investing in Gold
III. Understanding Stocks as an Investment
IV. Exploring Stock Variety: Types, Risks, and Returns
V. The Pros and Cons of Investing in Stocks
VI. Performance Analysis: Gold vs. Stocks Over the Past 15 Years
VII. Risk and Volatility Measures
VIII. Factors Influencing Performance Disparities
IX. Factors Influencing Investment Choices
X. Conclusion
XI. FAQs
Gold, often revered for its historical significance as a store of value, stands as a unique cornerstone in the world of investments.
This precious metal has been a go-to for investors across centuries, embodying a tangible and enduring symbol of wealth. Unlike fleeting trends, gold’s intrinsic value weathers the storms of economic shifts and societal changes.
From ancient civilizations to modern economies, gold has maintained its lustre. It has been a currency, a status symbol, and a universal medium of exchange. Understanding gold’s historical role provides a solid foundation for appreciating why investors have sought refuge in this enduring metal.
Gold’s appeal extends beyond its sheen. Its tangibility—something you can see and touch—offers a sense of security. Unlike intangible assets, gold is real, a quality that resonates with those who seek investments grounded in something more substantial than abstract numbers on a screen.
Gold as an investment category offers a variety of options for investors to gain exposure to the sector. The numerous types of gold investment range from the simple ownership of physical coins and bars, gold funds, gold ETFs, gold securities, and digital gold. Each represents differing levels of risk, leverage, exposure and performance.
Like all investment categories, there’s no one size fits all solution, and gold offers a distinct set of benefits that need to be weighed up against a number of considerations.
Here we summarise just a handful of the key elements to provide a framework for its potential suitability.
Gold has a historical knack for standing strong when economic tides get turbulent. It often serves as a hedge against inflation, maintaining its value when paper currencies falter. In times of uncertainty, gold tends to shine as a stable anchor in an unpredictable financial sea.
Diversification, the age-old mantra of not putting all your eggs in one basket, is particularly relevant for gold. When traditional investments waver, gold tends to move in the opposite direction. Adding a touch of gold to your portfolio can help smooth out the bumps.
Unlike stocks or bonds that can bring in regular dividends or interest, gold sits quietly in your vault, not generating ongoing income. Its value lies more in its stability and less in its ability to contribute to your cash flow. The opportunity cost of holding gold has become particularly apparent with the post-pandemic steep increase in global interest rates. While gold provides no income, simple savings accounts and Treasury Bills have yielded north of 5%.
While gold has a storied history of holding its value, it doesn’t carry the same growth potential as stocks. It won’t skyrocket like a tech company during a booming market, and its returns are often more modest over the long term.
Free ultimate guide for keen precious metals investors
The realm of stocks introduces a deeply diverse array of companies to invest in. Part ownership translates to participation in the growth and success of corporations operating in sectors as varied as healthcare to real estate, and banking to high street brands.
Stocks can also be commonly referred to as shares and equities, but all mean the same thing.
Owning a stock means holding a piece of a company. It’s like being a shareholder in a small piece of the business action. As the company grows, so does your stake, and you get to share in the profits through various means, primarily capital appreciation and dividends.
Capital appreciation is the rise in the share’s market value over time. When a company thrives, so does its stock value. Additionally, some companies share their profits directly with shareholders through dividends. It’s like receiving a bonus payment based on the company’s success, usually every quarter.
Stocks aren’t a one-size-fits-all deal. There are common stocks, preferred stocks, growth stocks, and value stocks, each with its own characteristics. Common stocks offer voting rights, preferred stocks prioritize dividends, and growth stocks aim for capital appreciation. Understanding these types helps you tailor your investment approach.
No sugar-coating here—stocks come with risks. Market risk, company-specific risk, and liquidity risk are all part of the game. The market can be volatile, individual companies can face challenges, and sometimes it’s not easy to sell your stocks quickly. Diversification is your toolkit against these risks.
Growth stocks might offer exciting surges in value, while dividend-paying stocks contribute to your income stream. Knowing the historical performance of different types of stocks helps you make choices aligned with your financial goals. Always remember that a share represents just one company. If you pick well, the investment return is uncapped in theory. Tesla stock appreciated from $33b in mid-2019 to $1,205b by the end of 2021. That’s 3,500% increase in just over 2 years. In contrast, making a bad choice can mean losing everything if the stock falls to zero.
Clearly the term ‘stocks’ covers a huge variety of companies, sectors and share types. But there are some basic strengths and weaknesses of the equities market that should be understood.
Stocks have the potential for substantial capital appreciation. As companies grow and prosper, so do the values of their stocks. It’s the essence of the buy-low-sell-high principle. But investing in the shares also offers a second potential money-maker – dividends. Some companies share their profits with shareholders in the form of regular dividend payments, providing an income stream.
Stocks can be bought in such a vast range of sectors that it offers investors great flexibility to gain exposure in specific areas of interest. The huge variety also enables stockholders the chance to diversify through ownership of different types of stocks in various segments.
Stocks can be easily bought or sold in the market through online brokers like Hargreaves Lansdown, providing a level of liquidity that allows you to convert your investment into cash relatively quickly.
The stock market is a dynamic space. It can soar to new heights one day and dip unexpectedly the next. Short-term fluctuations are part of the deal, and they can test the nerves of even the most seasoned investor.
Investing in individual stocks brings company-specific risks. If a particular company faces challenges, your investment could take a hit. Moreover, broader market downturns can impact stocks across the board, emphasizing the importance of diversification.
Understanding how gold and stocks have performed over time allows us to directly compare the two asset classes for their most important factor – returns!
While historical performance doesn’t always translate into predicting future returns, it provides a narrative as to how investments tend to perform within the parameters of a certain macro-economic framework.
Analysing the past 15 years is particularly enlightening as this period was subjected to a huge disparity of external influences on the value of investments. Economically we’ve experienced the global financial crisis, Eurozone debt crisis, and an extended era of ultra-low interest rates and Quantitative Easing. The political landscape has been volatile with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the aftermath of Brexit. And socially this period witnessed the global pandemic, testing the resilience of the financial markets to the hilt. While reflecting on a mundane period of tranquillity would shed less light on how equities and gold perform in various environments, the past 15 years demonstrates how volatile assets can be.
It’s crucial to lay out that the devil is always in the detail when it comes to gauging performance. Our figures aim to simplify the comparison by contrasting the change in the gold price with returns of some of the world’s major stock indices. This provides an insightful starting point to understanding the dynamics of the two investment categories, from where investors can then delve deeper.
For example, while returns on a particular stock index may be modest, the price movement of single stocks within that index will likely vary greatly based on individual company performance. Likewise, the numerous ways to invest into gold will also attract a wide variance in costs and returns. The performance of a gold ETF may differ enormously from that of a collectable numismatic gold coin.
*Measured in local currencies
Judging the performance of stock and gold simply on returns would be negligent. Hindsight permits our brains to observe the full 15 years and judge these assets purely on how we would have fared if we’d bought and sold at particular times. But realistically, when investing in real-time, it’s impossible to know when the next pandemic will arrive, whether one country’s dispute with another will escalate or when the next stock market crash will come.
The missing piece in the analysis is to also consider the inherent volatility of each asset and its risk/reward dynamic. It’s about finding the equilibrium point where potential returns are balanced with acceptable levels of risk. This analysis isn’t just about crunching numbers; it’s about deciphering the story told by the metrics and understanding how each asset class navigates the balance between stability and growth. The aim is for investors to find the sweet spot that aligns with their goals and risk tolerance.
Three measures can help piece this jigsaw together, Standard Deviation, Drawdown, and Sharpe Ratio.
Standard deviation is a statistical measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. It quantifies how much individual data points differ from the mean (average) of the set. A higher standard deviation indicates greater variability, while a lower standard deviation suggests that the values tend to be close to the mean. It is a crucial tool in assessing the spread of data and understanding the risk or volatility associated with a particular set of values in fields such as finance, science, and research.
Drawdown analysis is a financial metric that measures the peak-to-trough decline in the value of an investment during a specific period. It provides insights into the extent of loss an investment may experience from its highest historical point. Investors use drawdown analysis to assess risk, understand potential losses, and evaluate the resilience of an investment strategy. Lower drawdowns indicate steadier performance, while higher drawdowns suggest greater volatility and risk.
The Sharpe Ratio is a financial metric that measures the risk-adjusted performance of an investment. It evaluates the return of an investment relative to its risk, using the standard deviation of its returns. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better risk-adjusted returns, signalling more efficient use of investment risk. Widely used in finance, the Sharpe Ratio helps investors assess and compare the risk-return profile of different investments, guiding them towards more informed decision-making.
*Measured in local currencies
Our automated portfolio builder will provide suggestions based on various investment objectives.
While assessing historical returns and volatility provides helpful perspective, real-world performance often hinges on unforeseeable global events that turn markets on their head. Investor sentiment tied to financial assets like stocks, bonds, and commodities can shift violently based on economic and geopolitical developments. Crises or external shocks that alter growth, monetary policy, inflation, or risk appetite dynamics frequently drive severe downdrafts and upswings across securities.
The table below exhibits how unpredictable systemic risk episodes can abruptly alter performance and trigger extreme divergences in stock markets versus gold prices over short timeframes. While past performance offers some guidance, major macro shocks make predicting future returns difficult. Maintaining adaptability and pursuing diversity across asset types represents key advantages for investors seeking to endure tumultuous markets.
*Returns measured in local currencies
With each asset class offering its own strengths, weaknesses and unique benefits, it can be difficult to decide whether to invest in gold or the stock market. The best way to make investment decisions is to consider which of the main factors are most important for you.
Your investment horizon matters. Are you aiming for short-term gains or long-term stability? Short-term goals might prioritize liquidity, while long-term objectives could lean towards growth-focused assets. Your life-stage, circumstances and plans should heavily influence your investment timeframe. Generally, younger investors are able to plan on a longer horizon than those approaching retirement age.
Aligning investments with your financial goals is paramount. Whether it’s funding education, buying a home, or securing retirement, your investment choices should synchronize with your broader financial plan. You don’t invest for ego. Decisions should be carefully planned to meet a specific need or objective.
Diversification is your risk management tool. Spreading investments across different asset classes mitigates risk. It’s not about putting all your eggs in one basket but about constructing a resilient and balanced portfolio.
Owning a mix of assets isn’t just about risk avoidance; it’s about performance optimization. Different assets respond differently to market conditions. A diversified portfolio can capture opportunities across various sectors and economic scenarios.
Gold provides a unique balance to any portfolio as it’s one of the few non-correlated asset classes. In other words, many ‘risk-on’ assets such as stocks and property tend to move up or down together, leaving investors exposed to bear markets. As a safe-haven asset, gold has historically appreciated in value during these periods, providing a degree of protection to a portfolio.
Risk and return go hand in hand. Understanding your risk tolerance is crucial. High-return investments often come with higher risk. Balancing the desire for returns with your comfort level with risk is key to a sustainable strategy. Risk appetite should be the starting point of constructing any investment portfolio. It will provide the backbone to focus on asset classes which best represent your risk appetite. Gold is perceived as lower risk than stocks. Within the realm of the stock market there’s a vast variance of risk levels, meaning relatively low risk equities can be selected or super high risk start up stocks.
Ultimately, a blend of risk levels can achieve an overall desired risk. Within a stock portfolio, a range of different sectors and stock types can be chosen, or investment into a managed stock fund can do this for you. Even precious metals enthusiasts can choose to leverage gold with gold derivatives or mining shares or adopt more risk by adding silver to the holding.
Simply comparing investment returns on face value neglects the significant impact of tax. Taxes can be applied when an asset is bought, derives an income, or when it is sold. What may initially seem like a very healthy return can be eroded considerably.
Within gold investing, focussing on buying investment grade gold coins or bars qualifies your purchase as VAT-exempt. Equity investment is also VAT-free and some stocks may receive tax relief like Share Incentive Plans whereby employees can purchase their company stock. Relief is also offered for certain small business shares that qualify for The Enterprise Investment Scheme and purchase made through an equity ISA, albeit with annual limitations.
While owning gold doesn’t pay an income, one of the added benefits of stock investment is the possibility to receive income through the receipt of dividends. However, awareness that these payments are taxable for income tax should be considered when calculating their true benefit.
Both asset classes qualify in various forms to purchase within certain pensions. For example, gold bullion is eligible to acquire within a Self-Invested Personal Pension (SIPP), therefore benefitting from full tax relief.
A really tax-efficient and flexible way of investing into physical gold without the restrictions of a pension or an ISA, is for UK investors to buy and sell UK gold coins. Buying gold Sovereigns for example, is VAT-free and any profits is Capital Gains Tax free as the coins qualify as legal tender. In this way, gold investment is completely tax-free and flexible.
There’s no one-size-fits-all in investments. These factors allow you to tailor your strategy to your unique circumstances. Your financial journey is personal, and your investment choices should reflect that. Just because you read that everyone’s investing in a particular stock or gold coin, it doesn’t necessarily make those choices appropriate for you.
Life isn’t static, and neither should your investment strategy be. As your goals or circumstances change, these factors provide a compass for adjusting your portfolio. It’s about staying agile and responsive to life’s evolving dynamics. We believe that both stocks and gold should form the foundation for many portfolios. Exposure to both means you don’t miss out on bull runs or leave yourself unprotected from unexpected market crashes. But the percentage held of each should be fluid. Owning more gold during economic downturns makes sense, as it does as your appetite for risk recedes with age.
Emotions and investments can be a volatile mix. Having a clear understanding of these factors provides a rational framework. It helps prevent impulsive decisions driven by market noise or short-term fluctuations.
While the stock market has undoubtedly offered a higher potential return opportunity over the past 15 years, it’s very dependent on picking the right stocks to buy and sell at the perfect time. Equities have also been more volatile than gold and pose the risk of far higher losses.
In essence, making informed investment decisions is a disciplined process. It’s not about speculating on the latest trend but about building a resilient and well-informed portfolio. Certainly, your choice between gold and stocks isn’t binary. It’s likely that both can play vital roles within your overall strategy.
Regularly staying informed about market trends, economic indicators, and global events allows you to make proactive decisions and decide on the optimum blend of gold and equities. It’s about being ahead of the curve, not chasing it. The market evolves, and so should your portfolio. Regularly reassessing your investments ensures they remain in line with your goals and market dynamics. It’s an ongoing process of refinement.
Not all investments are created equal, with huge variance existing with the types of gold investments available and an infinite choice of stocks. Thoroughly analysing potential investments, understanding their historical performance, and evaluating their alignment with your goals are essential steps. It’s not about trends; it’s about solid fundamentals.
Emotional decisions often lead to pitfalls. Having a well-defined strategy grounded in research and diversification helps you sidestep the emotional rollercoaster that can accompany market fluctuations. Invest in both gold and stocks and stick to your investment plan.
The choice between gold and stocks depends on your financial goals. Gold is often sought for stability, preserving wealth during economic uncertainty. Stocks, while riskier, offer potential for higher returns, especially during market rallies. The decision hinges on your risk tolerance and investment objectives.
Assessing risk in gold vs stocks involves understanding trade-offs. Stocks bring growth and income but higher volatility. Gold offers stability and hedges against uncertainty, with lower growth potential. Crafting a balanced portfolio with both assets aligns risk with your investment goals.
Generating income from gold is different. Gold doesn’t pay interest or dividends. It aims for long-term capital returns, but like all investments, it comes with uncertainties, and returns aren’t guaranteed. It’s a stability play rather than an income source.
During economic downturns, precious metals like gold often shine. Increased demand typically drives their prices up, making them a favoured choice for investors seeking stability in turbulent times. Investing in precious metals can be a strategy to navigate market slowdowns.
Building a balanced portfolio with gold and stocks involves diversification. Allocate based on your risk tolerance and financial goals. Gold offers stability, while stocks bring growth. Finding the right mix aligns your portfolio with both stability and potential for higher returns, creating a well-rounded investment strategy.
Gold often rises when stocks fall due to its role as a safe-haven asset. Investors seek the stability of gold during market downturns, driving up its demand and prices. While not guaranteed, this inverse relationship is a notable trend observed in times of stock market decline.
Live Gold Spot Price in Sterling. Gold is one of the densest of all metals. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity. It is also soft and the most malleable and ductile of the elements; an ounce (31.1 grams; gold is weighed in troy ounces) can be beaten out to 187 square feet (about 17 square metres) in extremely thin sheets called gold leaf.
Live Silver Spot Price in Sterling. Silver (Ag), chemical element, a white lustrous metal valued for its decorative beauty and electrical conductivity. Silver is located in Group 11 (Ib) and Period 5 of the periodic table, between copper (Period 4) and gold (Period 6), and its physical and chemical properties are intermediate between those two metals.